FROM CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE TO VICTORIAN PROTO-SCIENCE: ECTOPLASM
Below are some examples of Victorian era "documentation" of ectoplasm conjured by mediums, Spiritualists, and enterprising photographers adept at in-camera manipulation and darkroom compositing.
The medium Stanislawa P: emission and resorption of an ectoplasmic substance through the mouth. Albert von Schrenck-Notzing, silver gelatin print, 1913.
Pictured on the left is Canadian Medium Mary Marshall as photographed by T.G. Hamilton in 1929.
The medium Stanislawa P: emission and resorption of an ectoplasmic substance through the mouth. Albert von Schrenck-Notzing, silver gelatin print, 1913.